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Forklift Starters and Alternators
Forklift Starter and Alternator - The starter motor nowadays is usually either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor which has a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it could be a permanent-magnet composition. As soon as current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion that is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear that is found on the engine flywheel.
As soon as the starter motor starts to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. As soon as the engine has started, the solenoid consists of a key operated switch which opens the spring assembly to be able to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in only a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular manner via the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, like for example as the operator did not release the key when the engine starts or if the solenoid remains engaged as there is a short. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
The actions discussed above will stop the engine from driving the starter. This important step prevents the starter from spinning really fast that it will fly apart. Unless modifications were made, the sprag clutch arrangement will prevent making use of the starter as a generator if it was utilized in the hybrid scheme mentioned earlier. Usually a standard starter motor is intended for intermittent utilization that would stop it being used as a generator.
Hence, the electrical components are intended to be able to work for more or less less than thirty seconds so as to avoid overheating. The overheating results from very slow dissipation of heat because of ohmic losses. The electrical parts are meant to save cost and weight. This is the reason most owner's handbooks intended for vehicles suggest the driver to pause for at least 10 seconds after each ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, when trying to start an engine which does not turn over immediately.
During the early 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Previous to that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system operates by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. When the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, hence engaging with the ring gear. Once the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to exceed the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and therefore out of mesh with the ring gear.
In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was developed. The overrunning-clutch design that was developed and introduced during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights within the body of the drive unit. This was a lot better for the reason that the average Bendix drive used in order to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, though it did not stay functioning.
Once the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. As soon as the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, for instance it is backdriven by the running engine, and then the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, therefore unwanted starter disengagement could be prevented before a successful engine start.
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